What is 'Starting (Kalkış)' in Driving?

'Kalkış' in the context of driving refers to the controlled process of initiating movement in a vehicle from a complete stop. This fundamental manoeuvre requires a coordinated effort, particularly in manual transmission vehicles, involving the clutch, accelerator, and brake pedals, along with checking surroundings. It's not about starting the engine, but rather about getting the car to move forward or backward smoothly and safely once the engine is already running.

Why is Smooth Starting Essential for Driving Exams in Türkiye?

In Türkiye, a smooth and controlled Kalkış is a key skill assessed in the practical driving test (Direksiyon Eğitimi Dersi Uygulama Sınavı). Examiners look for the ability to move off without stalling the engine, lurching, or causing discomfort to passengers. It demonstrates a driver's understanding of vehicle mechanics and their ability to apply throttle and clutch control effectively. Incorrect starting techniques, such as stalling or making the car lurch, can result in penalty points during the exam, indicating a lack of basic vehicle control.

Practical Tips for a Perfect Vehicle Start

To execute a perfect Kalkış, especially in a manual car, follow these steps:

1. Select the Correct Gear: For moving forward, always select first gear. For reversing, select reverse gear.
2. Clutch Control: Depress the clutch pedal fully with your left foot.
3. Accelerator Application: With your right foot, gently press the accelerator pedal to raise the engine's RPM slightly. This provides the necessary power to prevent stalling.
4. Find the Biting Point: Slowly release the clutch pedal until you feel the car wanting to move forward and hear a slight change in the engine sound. This is known as the 'biting point' or 'friction point'.
5. Simultaneous Release and Press: As you reach the biting point, gently release the handbrake (if applied) and continue to slowly release the clutch while simultaneously increasing pressure on the accelerator. The goal is a seamless transition from stationary to motion.
6. Check Surroundings: Before any movement, always check mirrors and blind spots to ensure it's safe to proceed. This is a critical safety step often overlooked.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Starting a Car

Learners often make several mistakes during Kalkış that can lead to difficulties or even failure in the driving exam:

• Stalling: Releasing the clutch too quickly or not giving enough accelerator input can cause the engine to cut out.
• Lurching: Applying too much accelerator and releasing the clutch too abruptly can cause the car to jump forward violently.
• Rolling Back (on inclines): Failing to use the handbrake or a proper hill start technique can cause the vehicle to roll backward, which is dangerous and an immediate fault in an exam.
• Incorrect Gear: Attempting to start in a gear higher than first, or in neutral, will prevent the car from moving efficiently or at all.
• Not Checking Traffic: Failing to check mirrors and blind spots before moving off can lead to collisions or dangerous situations.

Safety Considerations When Moving from a Standstill

Safety is paramount when performing Kalkış. Always ensure your path is clear before moving. This involves looking ahead, checking side mirrors, and performing a quick head check (shoulder check) for any vehicles, cyclists, or pedestrians that might be in your blind spot. When starting on a road with traffic, it's crucial to signal your intention, such as using your indicator if pulling out from a parked position, to alert other road users of your impending movement. Always be prepared to stop if an unexpected hazard appears.